Most cars have petrol engines. The basic working parts of the petrol engines are its cylinders. Each cylinders is like a wide spark ignites a mixture of petrol and air in the cylinder. As movement is transmitted to the wheels of the car, making them turn.

The Steering System

The Steering system is used by the driver to guide the car along the road. The driver holds the steering wheel, which is connected bt the steering column through a series of rods to the auto front wheels. To change course the driver turns the steering wheel in the direction the car is to turn to. The series of rods then cause the front wheels to turn in the direction of the driver desire.

Parts of a Car

Most people would probabtly be surprised to learn how mant parts are needed to make one care : Approximately 10,000 of them. People sometimes say that the engine is the car\'s heart because that is where its power comes from. The Engine provides the force that moves the car. Most cars have petrol engines, but others have a diesel engine. The Driver can make the engine run fast or slow by means of a pedal calld the Accelerator. The Accelerator controls the amount of petrol that enters the engine. When the driver presses the accelerator the engine runs faster. The Power produced by the engine is transferred to the wheels of the car through a Transmission system. The chief parts of the transmission system are the clutch, the gearbox, the driveshaft, and the final drive. The Chassis or frame of the care, contains the seats for the driver and passenger and shields the engine and other working parts as well. It is mounted on springs so that the car rides smoothly even on rough roads. The tyres makes the ride more comfortable, too. The tyre treads helps grip the road and are important for safety. Two other essential main systems of a car are the steering system, which guides the car and the braking system, which slows or stops the car.

Transmission

In the engine the pistons move up and down causing the crankshaft to turn. The crankshaft turns the driveshaft, which turns the rear axle and rear wheels. The drive shaft is connected to the rear axle by the final drive

The Universal joints in the driveshart work like hingee. As the car goes over bumps in the road. The joints allow the rear axle to move up and down without breaking the driveshaft

In the final drive the bevel gears change the direction of the drivesharfts turning motion and also turn the car's rear wheels. The final drive also includes differential gears. These allow the rear wheels to turn at different speeds when the car goes round a corner. During cornering the outside wheel has to travel further and it therefore must go faster than the inside wheel.

The Gearbox

The Gearbox enables the driver to obtain the most efficient engine speed in relation to the speed of the car. The driver uses the shift lever and a device called the Clutch, which disconnects the engine from the gearbox while the driver changes gears. The driver presses the clutch pedal, moves the shift lever to the desired gear and then releases the pedal. The lowest gear is selected to obtain maximum power and traction; It is best for starting or climbing a steep hill. In Low gear the engine is running fast although the car is moving slowly. In Higher gears the engine runs slower but the car moves faster. Top gear is used for ordinary driving along a level road. Many cars have automatic gears that engage automatically when the car reaches the appropriate speed. Cars with automatic greas have a device called a Torque converter, which performs the function of a clutch

How a Torque converter works

 

Some Cars have a torque converter instead of a clutch. Two Propeller fan face each other inside a casing full of oil. When the fan attached to the engine crankshaft turns, it makes the fan attached to the driveshaft turn as well. A simple experiment. will show how this works. Place two electric fans so that they face each other; turn one of the fan and the other will start moving

A good car needs more than just a strong engine and a high top speed. it must be able to accelerate quickly so that the driver can overtake other cars safely. It must be easy to drive in traffic and be comfortable and reliable. It must be manoeuvrable, hold the road well and haave good brakes. A person buying a car may also look for other qualities. Some people want a car that is inexpensive to run. It is also a good idea to be sure that the spare parts can be obtained easily